Small scale atmospheric features that last only half an hour are hard to put
into forecast models, but are necessary for model accuracy. At UW-Madison,
instruments using LIght Detection And Ranging, or
Lidar, are developed that
make highly detailed atmospheric measurements that are used in numerical
model development.
The
Volume Imaging Lidar
(VIL) utilizes a pulsed laser beam to image the three-dimensional structure
of the atmosphere over time. The VIL uses computer-controlled scanning
which, with continuous pulses, images a huge volume of sky at one time,
allowing averaged wind measurements to be precisely deduced. The
High Spectral Resolution Lidar
(HSRL), which makes calibrated measurements of backscatter, can "see" even
more, since the beam of light returning to the observer can be split, and
backscattering and attenuation components can be compared for an accurate
view of individual objects within its view. In addition, the HSRL is being
developed for use in the Arctic.